- Start the seeds in May-June or September.
- Sow indoors thinly on the soil surface and lightly cover or press in.
- Darkness is required for germination.
- Keep consistently moist at a temperature of 20–21c until seedlings emerge.
- Alternatively, sow directly outdoors in a well-prepared seedbed or scatter for ground cover in borders.
- Seeds will usually germinate within 7-30 days.
- Once seedlings are large enough to handle, thin or transplant them to their final spacing.
- Gradually acclimatise any indoor-sown plants to outdoor conditions.
- Plant out after the risk of frost has passed into their flowering position.
- Choose a sunny or partially shaded, well-drained site.
- Water regularly during dry spells until established.
- Leave seed heads in place for natural self-seeding.
- Seeds can also be sown under glass in September for overwintering and flowering the following spring.




